Sometimes men are faced with such an unpleasant ailment as bacterial prostatitis. In order to start treatment on time, it is important to know by what signs the disease can be determined and what diagnoses and therapy will be needed.
Bacterial prostatitis is an infectious disease of the prostate gland. Symptoms of the disease include pain in the perineum, increased body temperature, intoxication of the body, and other signs. Such a condition may require emergency hospitalization as it may pose a threat to the health and life of the patient.
Forms of bacterial prostatitis
Depending on the course and the symptoms manifested, bacterial prostatitis is divided into two forms: acute and chronic.
Sharp
The acute form manifests itself unexpectedly and is accompanied by various unpleasant symptoms. The acute form of bacterial prostatitis requires immediate medical attention. This pathological process is caused by Escherichia coli, staphylococci, enterobacteria.
Acute prostatitis is easily diagnosed by laboratory tests. The severe symptoms and the clinical picture allow an accurate diagnosis. Treat this form of prostatitis in a complex way with medication and physical therapy.
Chronic
Chronic bacterial prostatitis has a pathogenic pathogen that can be determined through laboratory tests and studies. The main pathogens are gonococci, chlamydia, ureaplasma, mycoplasma. The inflammatory process can also be caused by tuberculosis bacteria or Candida fungi, if the man has HIV infection.
Types of bacterial prostatitis
Bacterial prostatitis is classified according to the type of pathogen:
- tubercular (Koch's bacillus);
- gonorrhea (gonococci);
- mushrooms (various types of mushrooms);
- chlamydia (chlamydia);
- viral (causative agents of herpes, human papillomavirus, influenza);
- mixed (several different infections).
It is possible to determine what exactly the causative agent was only under laboratory conditions, since the symptoms are the same for everyone.
Causes and risk factors
Bacteria enter the prostate gland and cause acute or chronic prostatitis. Sexually transmitted diseases can also cause this disease. In some cases, the cause can not be determined.
Causal agentsBacterial prostatitis are considered:
- colibacillus;
- klebsiella;
- Proteus;
- fecal enterococcus;
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Possiblemicrobiological reasonsprostatitis are:
- staphylococci (saprophytes, golden, epidermal);
- genital mycoplasma;
- Chlamydia trachomatis;
- ureaplasma;
- Trichomonas.
TOrisk factor'sInfection of the prostate gland with the further development of the inflammatory process in the form of one or another form of bacterial prostatitis are:
- intraprostatic reflux (reflux of urine into the ducts of the prostate gland when urinating);
- pelvic injury;
- unprotected anal sex;
- urinary tract infections;
- have an indwelling urethral catheter or intermittent urinary catheter;
- transurethral diagnostic and therapeutic interventions;
- HIV AIDS;
- previous biopsy of the prostate.
Bacterial prostatitis symptoms
Usually with bacterial prostatitis, the symptoms are so pronounced that it's hard to ignore them. Signs of illness include:
- high body temperature (in the anus it is usually higher than in the armpits);
- fever and chills;
- difficult and painful urination, especially at night;
- possible development of constipation due to an enlarged prostate gland;
- pain in the lower body (lower back, perineum, lower abdomen);
- general intoxication of the body;
- discharge from the urethra and blood in the semen.
Stages of bacterial prostatitis
The clinical picture of bacterial prostatitis manifests itself depending on the stage of the disease and the degree of involvement of the prostate tissue in the inflammatory process. Share:
- Primary or catarrhal prostatitis.It is characterized by inflammation of the walls of the prostate gland. It is quite possible to cure it with antibiotics in 10 days.
- Secondary or follicular.It is characterized by the formation of abscesses in the glandular tissue. It is accompanied by a high fever. This form is also effectively treated with antibacterial drugs.
- Tertiary or parenchymal.The pathological process at this stage extends to the entire organ: the prostate increases in size, swells and changes shape. If you do not receive timely treatment, the tertiary stage can turn into chronic prostatitis.
Possible complications and consequences for men.
The consequences and complications of bacterial prostatitis include:
- vesiculitis (inflammation of the seminal vesicles): manifested by pain in the groin, premature ejaculation, painful erection;
- colliculitis (inflammation of the seminal tubercle) - differs in several symptoms: burning and tingling in the posterior urethra, painful sensations during orgasm, blood in the semen;
- violation of potency;
- sclerosis of the prostate;
- sterility;
- prostate cyst;
- prostate abscess;
- stones in the prostate gland.
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome is one of the most serious consequences of chronic prostatitis.
Asymptomatic inflammation is the mildest form in terms of absence of discomfort. This type of prostatitis is diagnosed with the development of complications of reproductive function.
Is Bacterial Prostatitis Dangerous For Women?
Prostatitis in women does not occur, but its serious consequences are common. If a man is affected by bacterial prostatitis, it is simply irresponsible to say that a woman is not in danger: Chlamydia, ureaplasma, Trichomonas, mycoplasma, gonococcus, gardnerella and other infections that she receives from her partner pose a serious danger to a woman and lead to the development of various gynecological diseases.
What doctor are you treating?
UrologistHe is considered the leading specialist dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of pathological conditions of the genitourinary system.
Andrologist.Despite the fact that andrology belongs to a fairly young branch of medicine, specialists in this area are gradually taking its place in the treatment of diseases of the male genitourinary system. The advantage of this doctor is his limited focus. Unlike a urologist who treats diseases of the male and female genitourinary system, the andrologist specializes exclusively in male problems.
Bacterial prostatitis diagnosis.
If bacterial prostatitis is suspected, a series of tests are done, including:
- scrapes and swabs to detect infection;
- cultures for flora and sensitivity to antibiotics;
- a general blood test helps to detect the inflammatory process, when there is an increase in the number of leukocytes, an increase in ESR;
- spermogram, which examines a decrease in the number of spermatozoa, a violation of their mobility;
- three-vessel urine sample (studies inflammatory changes in urine);
- general urinalysis;
- analysis of the secretion of the prostate;
- flowmetry: observation of the daily amount of urine.
Your doctor will be able to assess how much your prostate is enlarging using a digital rectal exam. To clarify the diagnosis, your doctor may refer you for a transrectal ultrasound.
Bacterial prostatitis treatment
As therapy for bacterial prostatitis, drugs, physical therapy, folk remedies, and in severe cases, surgery are prescribed.
Drug treatment
Medical treatment of prostatitis is carried out using several groups of drugs. These can be antibiotics to neutralize the pathogen. However, they do not always help, since the prostate gland is characterized by poor absorption of antibiotics from the group of protected penicillins, the fluoroquinolones.
The course of treatment is usually 10-14 days, and must be completed without fail, because if bacterial prostatitis is not treated, it will reappear. Vitamins and medications are also prescribed to strengthen the immune system.
Surgical intervention
The doctor proposes surgery for prostatitis if no results have been obtained in treating a patient with medication, physical therapy, or alternative methods of treatment.
Surgical intervention includes the following procedures:
- Transurethral resection of the prostate.The inner part of the organ is removed. Surgery is the best and most widely used endoscopic treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia.
To carry out this intervention, the patient undergoes a series of tests, including blood and urine tests. The operation is performed under spinal anesthesia, but general anesthesia can also be used. There are no scars after the operation. Among the disadvantages is painful urination in the first days after the procedure. - Laser surgery.The laser destroys diseased tissue. At the same time, the size of the prostate decreases and the vessels "seal" and do not bleed. The operation is performed without incisions and the postoperative period is only three days. Before the intervention, blood and urine tests are performed, as well as an ultrasound of the urinary tract and, as prescribed by the doctor, a prostate biopsy is performed.
This method is not effective if the volume of the prostate is large. - Open prostatectomy.The operation is performed in cases where the prostate is greatly enlarged, in the presence of complications, and in case of damage to the bladder.
The surgeon makes an incision in the lower abdomen or between the scrotum and the anus. Part of the prostate is removed or completely removed.
Before the operation, ultrasound, MRI, and cystoscopy are performed, as well as blood and urine tests and a prostate-specific antigen test.
One of the advantages of the operation is its effectiveness in treating the prostate and related problems. And of the disadvantages: a long postoperative recovery period (more than a month), as well as problems with erectile function. - Transurethral incision of the prostate gland.The doctor does not remove the tissue from the prostate, he only makes an incision to relieve pressure on the urethra, which makes urination easier. Before the operation, blood and urine tests are performed, as well as an ultrasound of the urinary tract.
Prostatitis symptoms are relieved without the risk of retrograde ejaculation, long-term recovery is not required. Of the deficiencies, prostatitis still needs to be treated. - Prostatic abscess drainage.The doctor opens the abscess through the perineum or rectum, dissecting the skin and subcutaneous tissue and introducing a drain into the cavity with pus for removal.
Before the operation, a consultation with a proctologist is made, blood and urine tests are performed.
The advantages of the operation include the absence of risk of loss of sexual functions. The downsides are that the abscess may not be completely removed and the bacteria may spread throughout the body.
Prostatitis surgery in men is usually a last resort for chronic bacterial prostatitis associated with complications of any form.
Physiotherapy
In the complex treatment of patients diagnosed with prostatitis, influencing physical methods are of great importance. As a result of physiotherapy procedures, the following are improved:
- the flow of blood;
- lymphatic drainage, which contributes to the removal of decay products of microorganisms;
- blood and lymphatic circulation, due to which the inflammatory infiltrates are resolved;
- outflow of blood and lymph, which helps reduce congestion in the pelvis;
- metabolism;
- activity of cell membranes, which promotes the penetration of active drugs into the cell.
Physical therapy for bacterial prostatitis includes the following methods:
- Electrophoresis.Impact on the body with ions, which helps to relieve inflammation and eliminate pain.
- Laser physiotherapy.The laser helps relieve perineal pain and improves blood flow to the pelvic organs. It kills bacteria and removes waste products from harmful organisms.
- Magnetotherapy.By performing this procedure, the permeability of the tissue is improved, and the effectiveness of drug therapy is significantly increased. Also, with the help of magnetotherapy, hemodynamics and congestion are stopped.
Exercise for bacterial prostatitis
Exercise for chronic prostatitis causes the muscles in the pelvic region to contract, ensuring a difference in intra-abdominal pressure. This promotes blood flow to the prostate. Exercise tones the nervous system, makes the adrenal glands work, and eliminates the residual effects of inflammatory diseases of the prostate.
You can do the following exercises at home:
- The man sits on a rubber ball and rolls from left to right, jumping slightly. He helps to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor and obliques.
- Kegel exercises. For 5 to 10 seconds, he stretches his glutes as much as possible and then relaxes the muscles. This exercise is done 20 to 50 times.
- Lying on your back, bend your knees and place your heels on the floor. He slowly raises his pelvis while keeping his upper back flat on the floor. When the pelvis is at the top point, he should freeze for 15 seconds and then return to his original position. The number of repetitions is 10-15 times.
Perform a massage
To achieve the result, the exercises are performed every day, and are also supplemented by prostate massage, which can be performed both independently and with the help of special massagers.
Self-massage of the prostate is performed as follows:
- Drink a liter of water an hour before the procedure to fill your bladder.
- Cleanse the intestines with an enema based on a solution of potassium permanganate or infusion of chamomile. The crotch should be rinsed.
- Hands should be washed thoroughly and nails should be trimmed.
- You should put a glove or a condom on the finger to be used for massage.
- The rubber surface of the protective layer is lubricated with petroleum jelly, grease or baby cream.
- Lie down in a comfortable position and insert your finger into the anus to a depth of 5 cm.
- On the front wall, you can feel the prostate gland and begin to stimulate it with slight movements from the sides to the center.
- In hard areas, the pressure gradually increases and in soft areas, it decreases.
- In the final stage, stroking movements are performed downward along the central groove.
- Gently remove your finger from the anus.
During the massage, 3-5 drops of liquid (prostate juice) should be released. Immediately after the massage, you need to go to the bathroom and empty your bladder.
Diet therapy
With prostatitis, it is necessary to reduce the use of alcohol and cigarettes as much as possible. Also, doctors recommend excluding from the diet:
- fatty foods, particularly meat, since fat is a source of "bad" cholesterol, which alters blood circulation and negatively affects the prostate;
- synthetic and energy drinks;
- spices
- spicy and smoky.
It is recommended to eat boiled and steamed food, lots of vegetables and herbs.
Home remedies
Pumpkin seeds.Pumpkin seeds are an ancient remedy for prostatitis. They contain a lot of zinc, which the male body needs. You need to eat 30 seeds a day before meals.
Hazelnut branches.Boil several sprigs of hazelnut with leaves in water for 20 minutes, let it rest until the broth turns reddish brown. For a cure, a weekly course is sufficient.
Aspen bark.Aspen bark should be collected at the beginning of the sap flow period, before the buds bloom. This is roughly the second half of April. Dry the crust in the oven, take 100 g, crush and put in a half-liter jug. Pour in 200 g of vodka so that the crust is completely covered. Close the jar and put it in a dark place for 2 weeks. Filter after 2 weeks. Take 1 teaspoon in three three-week courses with a 10-day break.
Bacterial prostatitis prognosis
The prognosis for bacterial prostatitis depends on the stage and type of disease. The duration of the disease also affects the prognosis: the longer the inflammation persists, the longer it takes to treat the complications of prostatitis.
In acute prostatitis, the prognosis is favorable. Chronic bacterial prostatitis is often a recurrent form, even when conservative therapy is prescribed. With long-term treatment of the chronic form, changes in potency may occur.
Prevention measures
Bacterial prostatitis prevention can be divided into primary and secondary.
Primary prevention of prostatitis:
- healthy life style;
- good nutrition;
- do sport.
Preventive measures at home are important: perform exercises that activate blood flow in problem organs and improve muscle tone.
Also, men should study Kegel exercises. They were developed for postpartum recovery for women, but are used to train a man's rectum and anal muscles.
Gymnastic exercises are useful: bicycle, birch, bridge, candles. They train the pelvic muscles. It is recommended to perform leg swings, exercises to hold your breath and take a contrast shower.
Secondary prevention of prostatitis:
- drug treatment;
- regular examination by a urologist, regardless of the manifestations;
- within a year after treatment, undergo quarterly exams, later - once every six months.
For secondary prevention, rectal suppositories are used. They work through the rectum. These drugs generally have few contraindications. Also, to prevent the recurrence of bacterial prostatitis, biologically active drugs are prescribed.
The earlier prostatitis is detected, the easier it will be to cure. Therefore, do not neglect regular visits to the doctor. After diagnosis, the doctor will select the appropriate drugs and prescribe a therapeutic course. If the disease progresses, taking the medications on time will quickly relieve symptoms and help you stay active and functional.